An Automated Colourimetric Test by Computational Chromaticity Analysis: A Case Study of Tuberculosis Test

This paper presents an investigation into a novel approach for an automated universal colourimetric test by chromaticity analysis. This work particularly focuses on how a well-adjusted harmony between computational complexity and biochemical analysis can reduce the associated cost and unlock the limit on conventional chemical practice. The proposed research goal encompasses the potential to the criteria- anytime anywhere access, low cost, rapid detection, better sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Our method includes obtaining the amount of colour change for each instance by delta E calculation. The system can provide the result in any ambient condition from the trajectory of colour change using Euclidean distance in LAB colour space. The strategy is verified on plasmonic ELISA based diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). TB detection by plasmonic ELISA is a challenging, demanding and a time-consuming diagnosis. Completing the computation in real time, we circumvent the obstacle liberating the TB diagnosis in less than 15 min

MOESM1 of Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota

Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of sequencing data for all samples

MOESM2 of Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota

Additional file 2: Table S2. Numbers of taxa at each level

Genome view of selection signatures and SNP effects associated with chicken abdominal fat content.

<p>Black: selection signature and gene in the selection signature (nearly all these regions had SNP effects with genome-wide significance); Blue: chromosome region with highly significant SNP effects but not declared as a selection signature. Purple: human obesity gene nearest to a selection signature or a region with highly significant SNP effects for abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP); Red: human obesity gene inside selection signature; Green box: not studied.</p

Phenotypic changes after 11 generations of divergent selection for high and low abdominal fat content.

<p>Phenotypic changes after 11 generations of divergent selection for high and low abdominal fat content.</p

Selection signatures of 11 generations of divergent selection for abdominal fat content in chickens.

<p>AFD  =  The average of |(frequency of “allele 1” in the lean line) – (frequency of “allele 1” in the fat line)| for all SNP markers in 0.5 Mb sliding windows, where “allele 1”  =  “<i>A</i>” for <i>A/C</i>, <i>A/G</i>, <i>A/T</i>,  =  “<i>C</i>” for <i>C/G</i> and <i>C/T</i>, and  =  “<i>G</i>” for <i>G/T</i>; Z_AFD  =  standardized AFD in 0.5 Mb sliding windows; Z_lean  =  standardized average SNP heterozygosity in 0.5 Mb sliding windows in the lean line; Z_fat  =  standardized average SNP heterozygosity in 0.5 Mb sliding windows in the fat line. Italic indicates evidence of selection signature.</p

Distribution of SNP markers and relevant statistics from selection signature analysis and genome-wide association analysis by chromosome.

1<p>This is the average AFD of each single SNP marker between the lean and fat lines.</p>2<p>This is the number of SNPs with P values <10^−6.56 for association effects on AFW and AFP.</p>3<p>The number in () is the percentage of fixed alleles on the chromosome, i.e., (No. of fixed alleles)/(No. of SNPs) ×100.</p>4<p>These SNPs are not assigned to any chromosomes.</p

Mean values and standard deviations of abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP) and body weight at 7 weeks of age in the lean and fat lines after 11 generations of divergent selection.

AB<p>significant difference between the two lines at <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Haplotypes and frequencies of the 0.73 Mb region at 55.43–56.16 Mb of chromosome Z with 26 SNP markers in the lean and fat lines.

<p>Haplotypes and frequencies of the 0.73 Mb region at 55.43–56.16 Mb of chromosome Z with 26 SNP markers in the lean and fat lines.</p

Linkage disequilibrium patterns of the chromosome Z selection signature at 55.43–56.16 Mb.

<p>WPR: a recessive white line of White Plymouth Rock chicken from France (n = 94). AK: Anak, a commercial broiler chicken introduced from Israel (n = 51). CAU-F2: an F2 resource population produced from reciprocal crosses of Silky Fowl and White Plymouth Rock at China Agricultural University (n = 112).</p